Monday, October 10, 2011

The king of kings

Król nad królamiNear the town of Monroe's largest statue of Christ in the United States. He has been sculpted from the chest and shoulders andhis head tilted toward the sky.


The sculpture, erected in September 2004, has almost 19 meters high and weighs over 7 tons. It was designed by Brad Corieland sculpted James Lynch.


Król nad królamiThe statue is made of wood and Styrofoam, which were mounted on a steel structure. The whole is covered with fiberglass andresin.

Sunday, October 9, 2011

Stonehenge

Stonehenge is in the English county of Wiltshire, about 8 miles (13 km) north of Salisbury. It is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones and is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world. Archaeologists think that the standing stones were erected around 3200 BC and the surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated to about 3100 BC.

Golden Gate Bridge

Most Golden GateThe bridge connects the two peninsulas on the two banks of the San Francisco Bay. It was built by Joseph  Strauss Baermanna. It has a length of 2800 meters and the distance between the pylons is 1280 meters. Pylon  height is 227 meters, and can flow under the bridge even ocean-going vessels, since bridge is located at an  altitude of 66-72 meters above the water surface.

The construction of the bridge began in 1933 and lasted until 1937. Work on design was extremely dangerous.  Strong currents, fog or storms hampered the work of the workers effectively. Particularly dangerous was the  stage of the hanging ropes, each of which was 91 cm in diameter and consisted of 27,000 steel wires.

Golden Gate Bridge and quickly began earning to 1971 turned to construction costs, which totaled $ 75 million.  In the first year he traveled more than 4 million vehicles. Currently, the bridge each day passes 120,000 cars.
Most Golden Gate
In the seventy years of existence, the Golden Gate Bridge has survived many earthquakes, hurricanes, and the  passage of time. In 1989, he survived one of the worst earthquakes of a magnitude 7.1 on the Richter scale.

Bridge, except that communication is an excellent route, also attracts tourists and, unfortunately, suicide.  Since the inception of a bridge over a thousand people took their own lives by jumping the barriers.

Brooklyn Bridge

Most BrooklińskiBrooklyn Bridge is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the world and ranked among the completion of the  largest steel suspension bridges. The construction is located on the East River and connects New York districts  Brooklyn and Manhattan.

Brooklyn Bridge construction started in 1869, and May 24, 1883, there was his opening. The structure is made  ​​of steel, stone and granite, and cost about 15.1 million dollars. A bridge designed and built an American  Architects: John Augustus Roebling and his son Washington Augustus Roebling.

Length of the Brooklyn Bridge is 1,834 meters. The main span is above the water is 486 meters and it spans two  pylons with a height of 84 meters. Side spans, which connect the pylons of the banks have 284.5 feet long. The  bridge is located 41 meters above the water, it is about 26 meters wide, and its total weight is 14 680 tonnes.

Most support the nearly 1,100-meter four cables that are 40 centimeters in diameter and consist of a bundle of  19 cables, each containing 278 wires. Depth of foundations under water on the side of Brooklyn is 13.5 meters,  while the side Manhattan'u - 24 meters.

Most BrooklińskiAt the beginning of the bridge served only horse and tram traffic, now has six lanes for cars and sidewalks for  pedestrians and cyclists.

Andros Blue Holes

Andros is the largest island of the Bahamas. At its eastern coast is a belt of deep water, called the tongue of the Ocean. Along this stretch belt shoals and coral reefs, and with them spread out the dark depths. These are the inputs to some of the most amazing underwater caves and corridors in the world.


Flowing water quite easily washes away the limestone rock, carving caves and tunnels. Layers of limestone on the islands of The Bahamas is known the world thickest layers of this mineral. They form under the water layer with a thickness of 8 km. On the coral reefs are formed and while the limestone sinks (on average 1 cm per 100 years), weight increased very coral. It is known thatsome of them are located at a depth of more than 3050 m, and their length exceeds 2300 m.


Residents Bahamas blue hole called churning, or blowing holes, due to the rapid movements of water that flows out of the cavesor affect them. When the flow increases, the holes leading to the formation of dangerous caves, strong eddies. When the watersubsides, the dome umbrella holes spit out water. Exploring caves can be very dangerous. The water flow is so strong that divers can reach them only lasting 20 minutes during a quiet period called the dead waters. Several people have drowned here, whenthey ended up oxygen.

Saturday, October 8, 2011

Aqueduct in Segovia

Akwedukt w SegowiiOne of the most famous, most important and best preserved structures created by the Romans on the Iberian Peninsula. It is the symbol of Segovia, with Alcazar and the cathedral are the main attraction of the city.
According to legend, the aqueduct is the work of the devil, who made ​​a pact with a girl working as a water carrier. She had to givesoul to the devil if the devil will provide water to the door before the rooster crows. At night the city was a great storm, and theaqueduct before the cock crew was almost finished, lacking only the position of a single stone. But it was enough to defeat the devil. Residents learned of the incident have spent building and then placed there, images of the Virgin Mary and St. Stephen.



Akwedukt w SegowiiIn fact, the creation of the aqueduct dates back to the half-century or early second century during the reign of Emperor Vespasianand Nerva. It was used to transport water from a distance of about 17 km Fuenfría source.


On the way to the city water is collected in a reservoir called El Caseron, and then in the tower of Casa de Aguas. There occursprecipitation of sand and the water stays on the hill 728 meters with a slope of 1 percent, called Postigo on which the Alcázar.

The highest point of the aqueduct reaches a height of 28.5 meters. The whole structure consists of 167 medicines, of which 79are single and 44 double. It is built of granite blocks.



Akwedukt w SegowiiHigher tier are drugs with a width of 5.10 m clearance, supported on columns narrower and lower than those of the lower floors. In the upper part of the structure is U-shaped channel with dimensions of 55 cm to 46 cm. Lower tier, cassing uneven ground, are drugs with a width of 4.50 m clearance columns supported on tapering.


The top three curves located in Roman times was a plate of bronze letters with information about the builder and the date ofconstruction. In the upper part of the aqueduct can be seen also two niches on each side of the structure. It is known that one of them could see past the image of the Egyptian Hercules, who according to legend was the founder of the city. Currently in the niches are images of the city patron saint of the Virgin Mary and St. Stephen.


Akwedukt w SegowiiIn the fifteenth century, when Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile was the first major reconstruction of the aqueduct. Don Pedro has a rebuilt Mesa consisting of 36 anxiety episode destroyed by the Moors in 1072. The work was performed with great care so as not to make any changes to the original draft and keep the original style.


Akwedukt w SegowiiPiped water is the most important architectural monument of Segovia. On the spaces of the century aqueduct was operated andmaintained in perfect condition. However, due to pollution and erosion of the aqueduct ruin. In order to guarantee the survival of the pipeline began in 1997, maintenance work, which are overseen by the architect Francisco Jurado. Since 1985, the aqueductis a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Erebus Volcano

Wulkan ErebusErebus volcano is the southernmost active volcano on earth. It is situated on the Isle of Ross in the Antarctic Ross Sea. It has aheight of about 3795 m above sea level, and up to 2000 m above sea level slopes are covered with snow.


Mount Erebus was discovered January 27, 1841 year by the Scottish polar explorer Sir James Clark Ross, who gave him the name of one of its ships. The name of the second vessel was located in the eastern part of Ross Island volcano Mount Terror.Erebus in Greek mythology was the son of Chaos, the god of darkness.


Erebus was first conquered in 1908 by the participants of the expedition of Sir Ernest Shackleton'a. However the first knownsingle entrance on Mount Erebus took place on 19-20 January 1991. This was achieved by Charles J. Blackmer, who was an employee of many years of polar McMurdo station located on the southern tip of Ross Island. The whole trip lasted 24 hours and the same approach it took approximately 17 hours.


Wulkan ErebusErebus volcano is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanoes. Pacific Ring of Fire is a zone offrequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that surrounds the Pacific Ocean. It covers almost continuous belt of ocean trenchesand volcanic mountain chains. It is estimated that in his area there is 81% larger earthquakes and is 90% of all active volcanoes.


Erebus is currently the most active volcano in Antarctica. Inside the crater with a diameter of approximately 250 meters there is a lake of lava, which is one of the few permanent lava lakes on Earth.


Wulkan ErebusNovember 28, 1979 plane crash took place. During the very poor visibility of the volcano crashed plane carrying tourists from New Zealand. Killed 257 people on board the aircraft, which belonged to the airline Air New Zealand. Flight 901 was a regularpassenger connection from the airport in Auckland in New Zealand to Antarctica, the crash stopped further flight.

Sydney Opera House

Sydney Opera HouseIn the 50 Nineteenth century in Sydney was not the building where concerts could be held or opera. Architectural competition was announced on the Opera House, which received 222 projects from 32 countries worldwide. Winner was in 1957, Danish architectJorn Utzon.


Construction began in 1959. However, due to numerous misunderstandings work stretched. Also increased its costs. Finally, in 1966, Danish architect clashed with contractors and resigned. In his place hired four Australian architects.


Sydney Opera HouseThe building originally was to cost $ 7 million, but the total cost amounted to 102 million dollars. It was built 16 years or 11 years longer than originally intended.
Plane of the roof are covered with a million white tiles ceramic tiles, which shine in the sun and do not require cleaning. The building has 5223 sq ft of windows, and walls are covered with green topaz.


The Opera House has five rooms, which are held theater, ballet and concerts, a cinema and two restaurants. The opera hall is1,550 seats, in concert 2700, 550 in theater and chamber music hall of the 420th

October 20, 1973 was held the official opening, which flew to Sydney Queen Elizabeth II. Played the ninth symphony of Beethovenand staged Prokofiev War and Peace.

Opera House is the hallmark of Sydney. It is a work of unforgettable for anyone who sees them.

Moai statues of Easter Island

Posągi moai z Wyspy WielkanocnejEaster Island lies on the Pacific Ocean 3,600 km west from the coast of Chile. From the nearest inhabited land, which is the island of Pitcairn, it is divided over 2000 kilometers of ocean. It is known primarily from the 887 stone statues called moai.
The first Europeans who saw the Rapa Nui (because this is the original name of the island) were Dutch sailors from a shipcommanded by Jacob Roggevereena. It was Easter Sunday 1722 years and hence the European name of the island. On the island they discovered many stone statues - moai that were placed around the island on stone platforms or altars, called ahu.



Posągi moai z Wyspy WielkanocnejThe statues were made ​​from rocks of volcanic origin with tools from basalt. The figures are carved from one stone. Some weighover 20 tons, and their height exceeds 6 feet. The largest of the moai - Paro was about 10 feet tall and weighed 75 tons. The island is also unfinished statue 21 meters high and weighing 270 tons. Some of the figures has a huge stone on their heads hats -pukao, which are made ​​of scorii - red volcanic rock.


Most of the moai were carved from the crater of Rano Raraku, and then transported to the distant coast up to more than 10kilometers. Statues were probably turned on the balls at their destination, and then placed into the vertical by means of ropes.Another theory suggests that their movement was used for rolling the lift into the overhead in a horizontal position and then moveda statue of steps.


Posągi moai z Wyspy WielkanocnejThere are many concepts talking about who carved the moai. The most popular of them said that they did Polynesian settlersaround 1000-1100 year. Another contends that the inhabitants of Easter Island arrived from South America and from therebrought the skills of stone. Work on the statues was interrupted suddenly, testifies to the many unfinished statues. The probablereason was overpopulation of the island, famine and the outbreak of intertribal fighting. Until now, we do not know the purpose for which the statues were made​​, many theories say about the conception of statues of deities, or ancestors.


Posągi moai z Wyspy WielkanocnejIn the mid-nineteenth century, most of the moai were overturned, it is believed that this was due to fighting between the clans on the island. Currently, about 50 moai have been deposited back to their old places, and on the island was Rapa Nui National Park, which encompasses nearly half of its surface. In 1996, the moai statues were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Great Barrier Reef

Wielka Rafa KoralowaGreat Barrier Reef off the coast of Queensland is the largest, most diverse and beautiful coral reef in the world. It is also one of the youngest reefs - some of its sections now account for only 500 thousand. years. Stretches for more than two thousand. km from the city of Brisbane to the Gulf of Papau.


Building blocks of coral skeletons of dead corals are. On the Great Barrier Reef is composed of about 3 thousand. coral reefsand small islands with very diverse areas - from just a few meters to 50 km ². Great Barrier Reef stretches 330 km into the Pacific.Its total area is 259 thousand. km ².


Wielka Rafa KoralowaGreat Barrier Reef is famous for its corals, although they constitute only 1 / 10 surviving organisms here. On the reef there are at least 350 species of various shapes, sizes and colors. They require the right environment. Reefs are formed only in the saline andwarm waters (temperature maintaining not less than 22 ° C). The water must contain enough oxygen, so it can not be waterstanding and must be sufficiently clear that the sludge did not block the digestive system of coral.